Essay --

Jack the Ripper and the killings of Whitechapel is a puzzle that despite everything plagues the present reality. Significantly following several years, nobody has had the option to unravel who the Ripper truly was. Jack the Ripper was and is an unsolved secret. It is significant in any case, for individuals to be educated regarding what occurred in those dim days, regardless of whether they don't have a clue who the executioner was (Biography 1). In spite of the fact that there were a few other sequential executioners before Jack the ripper, he was the first to get the consideration from the media. At the time he was killing, papers were starting to turn into a serious deal so word out decently fast. In view of the press inclusion, more individuals knew about and put resources into the case (Casebook 1). During time of the homicides, a few distinctive police powers were included, including something like a local watch. Any individual who looked remotely dubious was addressed. Of the entirety of the individuals examined, the first to be conversed with were the specialists and the butchers, mostly because of the manner in which the Ripper dealt with the ladies. Unfortunately, nobody was ever authoritatively accused of the homicides (Whitechapel 1). Jack the Ripper was one of only a handful scarcely any sequential executioners that were never gotten. Therefore, there are still individuals today who attempt to explain the well established case. There are just five demonstrated homicides, however individuals speculate he slaughtered up to eight ladies. Something that made Jack the Ripper so baffling was the way that his casualties shared next to no practically speaking with each other. Typically sequential executioners will have a particular kind of casualty, however not the Ripper. The entirety of the survivors of the Ripper were of various ages and appearances. The main thing the young ladies shared for all intents and purpose was their control of prostitution and an adoration for liquor (... ...oaxes (Casebook 4). In spite of the fact that authorities never made sense of who the Ripper was, there were individuals they suspected, for example, an associate schoolmaster named John Druitt. Druitt is viewed as a suspect since he ended it all privilege after the homicides were submitted. In any case, that is the main connection police powers had the option to discover connecting the two. Sources outside of the police power guaranteed that Druitt ended it all since he was terminated from the school for homosexuality, however that wasn’t ever demonstrated (Whitechapel 4). Another normally acknowledged suspect is George Chapman, who moved to the UK not long before the killings started. Chapman was condemned to death in 1903 for the homicide of three of his spouses. What shields a few people from accepting he was answerable for the Ripper murders is the way that he had harmed his spouses as opposed to utilizing a blade (Whitechapel 4). Article - Jack the Ripper and the homicides of Whitechapel is a puzzle that despite everything plagues the present reality. Significantly following several years, nobody has had the option to decode who the Ripper truly was. Jack the Ripper was and is an unsolved riddle. It is significant be that as it may, for individuals to be educated regarding what occurred in those dim days, regardless of whether they don't have a clue who the executioner was (Biography 1). Despite the fact that there were a few other sequential executioners before Jack the ripper, he was the first to get the consideration from the media. At the time he was killing, papers were starting to turn into a serious deal so word out decently fast. As a result of the press inclusion, more individuals knew about and put resources into the case (Casebook 1). During time of the homicides, a few distinctive police powers were included, including something like a local watch. Any individual who looked remotely dubious was addressed. Of the entirety of the individuals examined, the first to be conversed with were the specialists and the butchers, predominantly because of the manner in which the Ripper took care of the ladies. Tragically, nobody was ever authoritatively accused of the homicides (Whitechapel 1). Jack the Ripper was one of only a handful not many sequential executioners that were never gotten. Thus, there are still individuals today who attempt to unravel the well established case. There are just five demonstrated killings, however individuals speculate he slaughtered up to eight ladies. Something that made Jack the Ripper so strange was the way that his casualties shared next to no for all intents and purpose with each other. Generally sequential executioners will have a particular kind of casualty, yet not the Ripper. The entirety of the survivors of the Ripper were of various ages and appearances. The main thing the young ladies shared for all intents and purpose was their control of prostitution and an affection for liquor (... ...oaxes (Casebook 4). Despite the fact that authorities never made sense of who the Ripper was, there were individuals they suspected, for example, an associate schoolmaster named John Druitt. Druitt is viewed as a suspect since he ended it all privilege after the killings were submitted. In any case, that is the main connection police powers had the option to discover connecting the two. Sources outside of the police power guaranteed that Druitt ended it all since he was terminated from the school for homosexuality, however that wasn’t ever demonstrated (Whitechapel 4). Another ordinarily acknowledged suspect is George Chapman, who moved to the UK not long before the killings started. Chapman was condemned to death in 1903 for the homicide of three of his spouses. What shields a few people from accepting he was answerable for the Ripper murders is the way that he had harmed his spouses as opposed to utilizing a blade (Whitechapel 4).

Should the Government Raise Gas Prices Essay Example For Students

Should the Government Raise Gas Prices Essay Should the Federal Government Raise Gas TaxIf the Federal Government raises the expense on gas to $3 to $4 per gallon the economy would endure. People groups individual sparing would diminish in light of the fact that their extra cash would diminish. The main thing that a gas increment would be powerful for is to build government incomes, however it would be to the detriment of the financial development, occupations, and family pay. It isn't any mystery that Americans depend on versatility needs vigorously. On the off chance that the gas charge was increment to $3 or $4 per gallon different parts of American families would endure. We would forfeit different territories of living so as to have the option to look after portability. Individuals would need to eliminate family travel and even little excursions to see relatives. In the article U.S. hesitant to reflect Europes high gas charges it discusses the impact that can be set on the vehicle advertise. It discusses changing the necessities for SUVs to meet indistinguishable mileage prerequisites from vehicles. Automakers feel that is making a move to far. Attempting to direct to individuals about what vehicles customers should purchase. Subsequent to perusing this article I understood that Americans are fortunate with regards to gas costs per gallon. In France a gallon of gas is around $5.51 per gallon and $6.36 in the Netherlands. These costs sound unfathomable. In these nations they support eco-friendly advancements and reserve open transportation. Gas is the bloodline for America. For whatever length of time that vehicles and different vehicles run on fuel, the cost of gas will keep on influencing all aspects of our economy. The interest for gas ordinarily increments throughout the late spring months and occasions. The popularity can convert into higher gas costs. An expansion can likewise happen when the world raw petroleum showcase fixes and brings down inventories. Developing interest can outpace treatment facility limit. Since there is a dread of one day being a deficiency of gas possibly the United States needs to begin putting resources into increasingly open transportation like different nations. We continue sitting tight at gas costs to diminish yet I accept that they are just going to get most exceedingly awful. The truth is that Americans won't quit voyaging. Regardless of whether gas costs are $10 per gallon we will figure out how to get were we need to go.

How to Write Like a Journalist 8 Tips

To effectively tell a story, learn to write like a journalist. The same techniques writers use for Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalism in the New York Times can be applied to any type of writing, like a novel, academic writing, or blogging. Thinking like a journalist allows a writer to create a compelling story that hooks the reader from the first sentence.

Leadership Effective And Effective Leadership - 848 Words

Followership Effective followership is an essential component of effective leadership in that, without good followers, the leader’s work is difficult and cumbersome. The role of the follower is many times understated. As illustrated by Kelley (1998), â€Å"effective followers are thinkers; energetic and assertive, self-starters, independent problem solvers, and carry out their tasks with these characteristics (p. 143). Effective followers also are characterized by their ability to perform tasks with little supervision, their intelligence, and ability to think for themselves. We are all followers, even those who consider themselves leaders; so to encourage this effectiveness in others; we must be role models for those under us, so that they may also be effective at following. Chaleff (2009) observed that â€Å"all important social accomplishments require complex group effort and, therefore, leadership and followership† (p. 13). We must know how to follow before we can be effective leaders. Reflective Analysis Leadership lesson 1 One of the biggest lessons learned from this course is that to be an effective leader, you must have a diverse skillset. I’m not sure if there is any one magical component or characteristic in being a great leader. One influence during my review of the literature was that; although easier for some, I see leadership as something we must continually improve upon. This is in contrast to my belief during my first day of class, when I thought leaders justShow MoreRelatedEffective Leadership And The Leadership Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagesreport will investigate on the effective leadership and the need for the leaders to lead from behind and put others in front in the occurrence of nice things and to take the front line when there is a danger. 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Lecture Notes on Imf - 7903 Words

IE - LECTURE 7 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND OBJECTIVES OF IMF To promote international monetary cooperation, facilitate the expansion of trade, and thus, to contribute towards increased employment and improved economic conditions in all member countries. 1. To promote international monetary cooperation through a permanent institution which provides the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems. 2. To facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade and to contribute thereby to the promotion and maintenance of high levels of employment and real income and to the development of the productive resources of all members as primary†¦show more content†¦Each member country is represented by a Governor. The Board of Governors has delegated most of its powers to the Executive Board, which is responsible for conducting the business of the Fund and is therefore in permanent session at the Fund headquarters in Washington. 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Basketball and the American Dream free essay sample

What does basketball have to do with the American dream? Basketball is a way of achieving the American dream. Trough basketball many people have achieved greatness( fame, and money), most people use basketball through the NBA or other organizations. Basketball is enjoyed by spectators all around the world because it gives people a common interest. Basketball is also enjoyed because it shows people enjoying the American dream and that can motivate people to chase their dreams, because basketball stars are usually the person you here about on the news in a rags to riches story, which can further inspire people. Basketball is a sport that shows team work and a common goal. Basketball also relates to the American dream because it is something people can relate to. Where has basketball been used in literature? Basketball has been used in literature many times, for example John Updike made a poem named â€Å"the ex-basketball player† it was a poem about how a man who was very good at basketball but never made it to the professional league and now works at a gas station. We will write a custom essay sample on Basketball and the American Dream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is a good example of chasing the American dream, because even thou he failed he still attempted to be successful. Other examples include â€Å"basketball† by Patrick Michael Cassidy, in which he physically talks about being on the court and relates it to life, or â€Å"Buzzer beater blues† by Benjamin Steiner. What is basketball? Basketball is a team sport where 2 teams with 5 people on eace team try to score by throwing a ball in to the other team’s basket. This sport is a representation of togetherness and striving for the same goal. Where did basketball come from? This sport was created by Mr. Naismith. Mr. Naismith invented this sport when he was a teacher at International Young Men’s Christian Association Training School in Springfield, the physical education teacher asked him to invent a new indoor game, which could be played during the cold winter months in Massachusetts. He started working on the idea in December 1891. His ideas came from other sports he played as a child. Their favorite game â€Å"Duck on the Rock† involved one boy guarding the duck from the other boys throwing stones at the rock. What is the American dream? The American dream is the theory that all people can achieve success through hard work, and that all people can live full and happy lives. The idea of and American dream started before the U. S. was even discovered. It starts in the 1600s when people began to come up with all sorts of hopes and aspirations for the new and largely unexplored continent. Many of these dreams focused on owning land and establishing prosperous businesses which would theoretically generate happiness, and some people also incorporated ideals of religious freedom into their American Dreams. For people who believe in the American dream, anything is attainable through hard work. The concept plays on the idea that American is a classless society. American Dream may always remain out of reach for some Americans, making it more like a cruel joke than a genuine dream.

Pearl Essays (330 words) - The Pearl, Pearl, La Perla, Kino

Pearl This book is about a pearl diver named Kino. He and his wife and son are a poor family. When his son becomes ill, Kino takes to the sea on a quest to find some way to save his son. He finds a magnificant pearl. Kino and his wife belive that they will be wealthly and live the rest of their lives in happiness, but when Kino visits the local pearl handlers, he feels the prices which they offer him are ludicrous and refuses to sell. Kino takes his family and together they set out on a trip to Mexico City, where Kino believes he will get a better price for his astounding pearl. Due to the fact that the pearl dealers are so obsessed with Kino's pearl, they send a group of trackers after them. The trackers trap them partway up a rock face and one of the men shoots Kinos son, mortally wounding him. Kino and his wife return to their home on the beach and Kino throws the pearl back into the sea from where it came. Kino, the protagonist, is a strong willed, if stubborn, man. He refuses to sell the underhanded pearl dealers his valuble pearl although he desperately needs the money. He does this because he feels very strongly that what the men are doing to him is wrong, and he refuses to give in to that. The main idea of the story is that good things can have bad effects. While its intentions were good, the pearl brought about the downfall of the protagonist. Due to the greed of the pearl dealers, and partly becasue of Kino's own lust for wealth, his son is killed and he loses almost everything he owns. I beleive that this was a very good book. I enjoyed the variety and color with which Stienbeck portrayed his characters. The story itself was well written and I felt very close to the main characters of the book. English Essays

Essay on Hamlet Final Draft

Essay on Hamlet Final Draft Essay on Hamlet Final Draft Raven Robledo Ms. Happ Shakespeare: Block 1 6 November 2014 Ophelia Chose Not To Be What would a tragedy be without death? Not a tragedy. William Shakespeare’s tragedies are famously known for their obscene violence and copious amounts of death. Hamlet, one of his most memorable plays, is no exception and does not disappoint in headcount, however one of the most striking deaths of the play is the innocent Ophelia’s. Obedient daughter of Polonius, naà ¯ve lover of Hamlet, victim to the hostile grips of politics. Although Ophelia experiences an unfortunate death, given the circumstances that lead up to her drowning, there stands the possibility that she is more aware of her situation than she lead on throughout a majority of the play and chooses to take her own life rather continuing to suffer the repercussions of other people’s actions. Ophelia lives in a politically driven world filled where spying, deceit and manipulation are typical actions to gain power. Because she does not possess any title of power or significance, to be anything but a m an in Elsinore leaves her at a disadvantage. From the time Ophelia is introduced, until later in the play when her father dies, the most the audience witnesses her do in Denmark is pine over Hamlet, and takes orders from her father Polonius and brother Laertes. This makes her inherently different from everyone else in Denmark because she an innocent girl with no apparent desire to actively seek out power. A perfect scapegoat. To worsen her position, she has faith in the men in her life which in this world, as Ian Johnston words it, â€Å"simply has no room for love† (Johnston 9). Ophelia is in the perfect situation to be manipulated and let down by Polonius and Hamlet. Hamlet seems to carry the most weight in Ophelia’s eventual spiral into madness and death. She appears to be opportunistic from her first scene because she declares to her father that she loves Hamlet and how â€Å"he hath importuned [her] with love† (1.3.119). However despite her feelings she d oes as her father tells her and breaks up with Hamlet. This moment marks a turn in Hamlet’s actions towards Ophelia as he becomes defensive and resorts to verbal attacks towards Ophelia. Both verbal interactions they have consist of Hamlet insulting Ophelia’s sexuality, but what differentiates his first attack from the second, is that the second is made public. In Act 3, Scene 2, Hamlet chooses to again verbally attack Ophelia’s sexuality with crude remarks and puns, but this time in presence of the court, publicly humiliating her. Ophelia, having clearly been in love with Hamlet, must have been not only offended but heartbroken by Hamlet’s harsh words. Each cruel word chipping away at her hope in men. Not only did Hamlet take part in deteriorating Ophelia’s faith in men, but her own father, Polonius, did as well. Her father shows no second thought in his initial use of Ophelia to determine Hamlet’s sanity by insisting she to break up with h im. However he does show some concern after forcing her to return Hamlet’s belonging to him in order to eavesdrop with Claudius. Each situation causing more issues with Hamlet, but Ophelia wants to abide by her father and assume that he’s doing what’s best. It’s not until his death that it becomes apparent that things begin to click for Ophelia. After

Wal-Mart Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wal-Mart - Research Paper Example Among the biggest complaints about Wal-Mart that the average shopper has is the fact that even at the busiest times the store seems to open only a few of its banks of checkout registers. Ask almost any regular visitor to a Wal-Mart what their biggest beef is and you will get the same response: long lines. When I arrived in the store I was immediately reminded why I like shopping there instead of a regular grocery store. It's well lit, clean, and the aisles are bigger. In addition, if I'm shopping for food and happen to remember I need a non-food item I don't have to make another trip elsewhere. But as I walked past the long line of checkout lanes, I also remembered why I join the legion of frustration shoppers. Despite the fact it is just after 5:00 PM, a time when Wal-Mart is usually quite busy due to the influx of people stopping by on their way home after a weekday at the job, I noticed more checkout lane lights off than on. The Wal-Mart I visited was a SuperCenter, the kind of store that combines grocery shopping with food, toys and electronics. There are two entrances, one at the end with the food and the other where most of the non-food merchandise is located. I entered through the food entryway and notice right away that that there are five express lanes open. The express lane is ideally meant to speed up the process by which customers get in an out as only those who have less than 20 items are supposed to be allowed. I can't help but notice there are at least three shoppers who have noticeably more than 20 items in their basket. I also cannot fault them; besides the express lanes at grocery end of the aisle, I can count only seven other lanes open all way down to the other hand. I didn't actually count how many total checkout registers this particular Wal-Mart, but after I realized there were at least twice as many closed registers as open ones I got the point. I came across an article from 2005 that indicated that Wal-Mart was aware of the problem of people having to wait in line. According to the article, they were supposedly considering a technological approach called line rushing technology using a "mobile scanner that allows employees to check out merchandise while customers wait in line. Customers receive a print-out with a bar code, so cashiers only need to scan the paper and take payment" (Abelson). It sounds like a terrific idea. So why haven't I or anyone I know ever seen in action I decided to see if perhaps I'd just missed out on all the fun so I approached a woman who looked particularly disgusted to be waiting in line. Her name was Hakima and she was one of those who quite obviously had more than twenty items in her cart despite being in the express checkout lane. I explained that I was writing a paper Wal-Mart, specifically on the consumer complaints lodged against the company and without even bringing up the subject she launched into a tirade against the long lines. Hakima told me that she probably had been first in line before at Wal-Mart, but that she couldn't remember it. I asked her how long she perceived to be average wait in a line at Wal-Mart was and she responded, "It seems like a half hour every time, but probably is only ten minutes. That's still a long time, though, when you're standing here looking at all those empty lanes." Those

Research paper in argumentative style. Dress codes in public schools- Essay

Research paper in argumentative style. Dress codes in public schools- do they promote a safer environment - Essay Example In recent years, many school and district officials have claimed that there is an increase in improper activities within the school environment, such as violence, gang activity, theft of clothing and conflicts against discipline (Madrid, et al). This led to the introduction of dress codes or uniforms by officials in school districts across the country. Dress codes lay down ‘what must not be worn,’ while uniform policies decree ‘what must be worn’ (Anderson). Private schools were the first to adopt dress codes or uniform policies. Public schools soon started emulating their example (Education Commission of the States). The education officials protested that a state of continuous confrontation had been created between school authorities trying to do their duty by producing an environment conducive to learning, and students rebelling against the restraints of acceptable, protected behavior (Pedzich). They propagated dress codes and uniforms as the way to achieve a safe, secure and orderly school environment. In this context, the school dress code or uniform policy is meant to be a deterrent to violence, gang activity, theft and misbehavior while promoting academic excellence and social development. Cherry Hill Elementary school (Baltimore, Maryland) has the distinction of being the first U.S. public school to implement a uniform policy in the year 1987. Long Beach California Unified School District (LBUSD) became the first school district to adopt a public school uniform policy in 1994. The biggest boost was received when President Bill Clinton catapulted the issue to national prominence in January 1996 when he officially permitted it during his State of the Union Address. Clinton emphasized his support for the matter by ordering the U.S. Department of Education to deliver a brochure called â€Å"A Manual of School Uniforms† to all the country’s 16,000 school

Strategy management questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategy management questions - Essay Example Innovations are largely due to hard work and systematic analysis of the opportunities available for creating something new. Innovation has strong marketing components. The best of ideas do not sell themselves. They need to get a buy in from the people involved. New networks have to be built. According to Sutton (2002) "Too many innovations succeed because they are sold better, not because they are objectively superior to those of competitors". Peter Drucker (1985, 1988) puts unexpected success and failures as managers' dilemma. When a product succeeds or fails unexpectedly, there is potential for innovation. The unexpected success is an affront to the management's judgment. Very few managers pay attention to the unexpected success. It should force managers to ask; what would it mean to us if we exploited it Where could it lead us What would we have to do to concert it into an opportunity How do we go about it What basic changes are now appropriate for the organization in the way it d efines its business, its technology and its market If these dilemmas are answered, then the unexpected success is likely to open up various innovation opportunities. Unexpected failures also create opportunities to innovate. But they are usually handled better. Any change likely to offer an opportunity for innovations. Managers often do not make adequate efforts to understand why there is a discrepancy between what is and what 'Ought' to be or between what is and what everyone assumes it to be. But they realize that these discrepancies present an opportunity to innovate. As Christensen and Raynor (2003) points out, companies who understand what job the customer is trying to get done and how the products or services fits in, will have an opportunity to innovate. In the era of global unification, the emergence of new knowledge and technology also increases the dilemma of managers knowledge based innovation is very risky because of the long lead times involved. Knowledge based innovati ons are usually not based on one factor but on the convergence of several kinds of knowledge. Knowledge based requires a careful analysis of all the relevant factors, social, economic and perceptual. To be successful, a knowledge based innovation has to be ripe. It must gain customer acceptance. The risks are not because highest in innovations based in new knowledge and technology not because of failure but perception of the public. But innovations are essential to any organization be its' product or services to meet its market its market needs. So companies must modify the traditional innovation process, companies need a flexible product development process. Top management must keep goals broad and tolerate ambiguity. It must encourage trial and error and at the same time generate creative tension by setting challenging goals. Knowing customers priority and needs is essential for successful innovation. According to Drucker (1985, 1988), nothing motivates a manager to be a better in novator than the realization that the present product or services will be abandoned within the foreseeable future. There is only one way to make an innovation attractive to managers: a systematic policy of abandoning whatever is outwork, obsolete and no longer productive. Innovation performance must be regularly assessed. Management must judge the company's total innovative performance against its innovation objectives. 2. Business strategies are the courses of action adopted by a

Being There - A Bit More Like Chance Essay -- Being There Essays

Being There - A Bit More Like Chance While watching the movie Being There, the viewer begins to notice just how different the book and the movie are. While the book appeals more to the reader's emotions, the movie gives a comical outlook on the problems faced in both the book and the movie. The contrast between the two places them into separate categories--a touching story about a man trapped in a world of which he knows nothing about and a satirical comedy about the very same man. The book interests its audience, making them hungry to know more; the movie involves its audience, feeding that hunger for more details. Jerzy Kosinski's short novel, also titled Being There, is a bit more serious than his movie version of the same story . Here, the President is shown as a dignified individual and only on a professional basis. After speaking with Chance and quoting him in his speech, the President has his staff work diligently to find out more about Chauncey Gardiner. The movie, however, actually shows, quite humorously, how Chance's mysterious past affects the President and his personal life, a subject not touched in the book. Many scenes show the President and his wife in their bedroom a nd his wife wanting more than just casual conversation. The President is so preoccupied with the lack of information he is receiving about Chance that he cannot oblige his wife. Kosinski suggests in the book that Chance is something of an exceptional individual. Cha nce sees things on an entirely different, perhaps higher, level than most people. Before his television appearance, Chance thinks to himself, "Television reflected only people's surfaces; it also kept peeling away their images fro... ...ance is almost biblical. Is this the feeling that Kosinski intends? What exactly is he trying to say? Both the book and the movie leave their audiences with many unanswered questions. Although the book and the movie are two versions of the same story, it seems, in the end, that Kosinski intends almost the opposite effect. The book leaves its readers to believe that the story is about a confused man trying to make it in a new world, by telling of both his struggles and triumphs. The movie leaves its viewers with the notion that the story is a lighthearted comedy about a man who is so aloof that he does not even sense the new world aroun d him. So it seems, in a sense, that both of Kosinski's versions of Being There leave the audience with an opinion that is bit more innocent, a bit more inquisitive, a bit more confused -- a bit more like Chance.

The Host Chapter 47: Employed

This is too easy. It's not really even fun anymore,† Kyle complained. â€Å"You wanted to come,† Ian reminded him. He and Ian were in the windowless back of the van, sorting through the nonperishable groceries and toiletries I'd just collected from the store. It was the middle of the day, and the sun was shining on Wichita. It was not as hot as the Arizona desert, but it was more humid. The air swarmed with tiny flying bugs. Jared drove toward the highway out of town, carefully keeping below the speed limit. This continued to irritate him. â€Å"Getting tired of shopping yet, Wanda?† Ian asked me. â€Å"No. I don't mind it.† â€Å"You always say that. Isn't there anything you mind?† â€Å"I mind†¦ being away from Jamie. And I mind being outside, a little bit. During the day especially. It's like the opposite of claustrophobia. Everything is too open. Does that bother you, too?† â€Å"Sometimes. We don't go out during the day much.† â€Å"At least she gets to stretch her legs,† Kyle muttered. â€Å"I don't know why you want to hear her complain.† â€Å"Because it's so uncommon. Which makes it a nice change from listening to you complain.† I tuned them out. Once Ian and Kyle got started, they usually went on for a while. I consulted the map. † Oklahoma City next?† I asked Jared. â€Å"And a few small towns on the way, if you're up for it,† he answered, eyes on the road. â€Å"I am.† Jared rarely lost his focus when on a raid. He didn't relax into relieved banter the way Ian and Kyle did every time I completed another mission successfully. It made me smile when they used that word-mission. That sounded so formidable. In reality, it was just a trip to the store. Just like I'd done a hundred times in San Diego when I was only feeding myself. Like Kyle said, it was too easy to provide any excitement. I pushed my cart up and down the aisles. I smiled at the souls who smiled at me, and I filled my cart with things that would last. I usually grabbed a few things that wouldn't, for the men hiding in the back of the van. Premade sandwiches from the deli-things like that for our meals. And maybe a treat or two. Ian had a fondness for mint chocolate chip ice cream. Kyle liked caramel sweets best. Jared ate anything he was offered; it seemed as if he'd given up favorites many years before, embracing a life where wants were unwelcome and even needs were carefully assessed before they were met. Another reason he was good at this life-he saw priorities uncontaminated by personal desire. Occasionally, in the smaller towns, someone would notice me, would speak to me. I had my lines down so well that I could probably have fooled a human by this point. â€Å"Hi there. New in town?† â€Å"Yes. Brand-new.† â€Å"What brings you to Byers?† I was always careful to check the map before I left the van, so the town's name would be familiar. â€Å"My partner travels a lot. He's a photographer.† â€Å"How wonderful! An Artist. Well, there's certainly a lot of beautiful land around here.† Originally, I'd been the Artist. But I'd found that throwing in the information that I was already partnered saved me some time when I was speaking to males. â€Å"Thank you so much for your help.† â€Å"You're very welcome. Come back soon.† I'd only had to speak to a pharmacist once, in Salt Lake City; after that, I'd known what to look for. A sheepish smile. â€Å"I'm not sure I'm getting the right nutrition. I can't seem to avoid the junk food. This body has such a sweet tooth.† â€Å"You need to be wise, Thousand Petals. I know it's easy to give in to your cravings, but try to think about what you're eating. In the meantime, you should take a supplement.† Health. Such an obvious title on the bottle, it made me feel silly for asking. â€Å"Would you like the ones that taste like strawberries or the ones that taste like chocolate?† â€Å"Could I try both?† And the pleasant soul named Earthborn gave me both of the large bottles. Not very challenging. The only fear or sense of danger I ever felt came when I thought of the small cyanide pill that I always kept in an easily reachable pocket. Just in case. â€Å"You should get new clothes in the next town,† Jared said. â€Å"Again?† â€Å"Those are looking a little creased.† â€Å"Okay,† I agreed. I didn't like the excess, but the steadily growing pile of dirty laundry wouldn't go to waste. Lily and Heidi and Paige were all close to my size, and they would be grateful for something new to wear. The men rarely bothered with things like clothes when they were raiding. Every foray was life-or-death-clothes were not a priority. Nor were the gentle soaps and shampoos that I'd been collecting at every store. â€Å"You should probably clean up, too,† Jared said with a sigh. â€Å"Guess that means a hotel tonight.† Keeping up appearances was not something they'd worried about before. Of course, I was the only one who had to look as if I were a part of civilization from close up. The men wore jeans and dark T-shirts now, things that didn't show dirt or attract attention in the brief moments they might be seen. They all hated sleeping in the roadside inns-succumbing to unconsciousness inside the very mouth of the enemy. It scared them more than anything else we did. Ian said he'd rather charge an armed Seeker. Kyle simply refused. He mostly slept in the van during the day and then sat up at night, acting as sentry. For me, it was as easy as shopping in the stores. I checked us in, made conversation with the clerk. Told the story about my photographer partner and the friend who was traveling with us (just in case someone saw all three of us enter the room). I used generic names from unremarkable planets. Sometimes we were Bats: Word Keeper, Sings the Egg Song, and Sky Roost. Sometimes we were See Weeds: Twisting Eyes, Sees to the Surface, and Second Sunrise. I changed the names every time, not that anyone was trying to trace our path. It just made Melanie feel safer to do that. All this made her feel like a character in a human movie about espionage. The hard part, the part I really minded-not that I would say this in front of Kyle, who was so quick to doubt my intentions-was all the taking without giving anything back. It had never bothered me to shop in San Diego. I took what I needed and nothing more. Then I spent my days at the university giving back to the community by sharing my knowledge. Not a taxing Calling, but one I took seriously. I took my turns at the less-appealing chores. I did my day collecting garbage and cleaning streets. We all did. And now I took so much more and gave nothing in return. It made me feel selfish and wrong. It's not for yourself. It's for others, Mel reminded me when I brooded. It still feels wrong. Even you can feel that, can't you? Don't think about it was her solution. I was glad we were on the homestretch of our long raid. Tomorrow we would visit our growing cache-a moving truck we kept hidden within a day's reach of our path-and clean out the van for the last time. Just a few more cities, a few more days, down through Oklahoma, then New Mexico, and then a straight drive through Arizona with no stops. Home again. At last. When we slept in hotels rather than in the crowded van, we usually checked in after dark and left before dawn to keep the souls from getting a good look at us. Not really necessary. Jared and Ian were beginning to realize that. This night, because we'd had such a successful day-the van was completely full; Kyle would have little space-and because Ian thought I looked tired, we stopped early. The sun had not set when I returned to the van with the plastic key card. The little inn was not very busy. We parked close to our room, and Jared and Ian went straight from the van to the room in a matter of five or six steps, their eyes on the ground. On their necks, small, faint pink lines provided camouflage. Jared carried a half-empty suitcase. No one looked at them or me. Inside, the room-darkening curtains were drawn, and the men relaxed a little bit. Ian lounged on the bed he and Jared would use, and flipped on the TV. Jared put the suitcase on the table, took out our dinner-cooled greasy breaded chicken strips I'd ordered from the deli in the last store-and passed it around. I sat by the window, peeking through the corner at the falling sun as I ate. â€Å"You have to admit, Wanda, we humans had better entertainment,† Ian teased. On the television screen, two souls were speaking their lines clearly, their bodies held with perfect posture. It wasn't hard to pick up what was happening in the story because there wasn't a lot of variety in the scripts souls wrote. In this one, two souls were reconnecting after a long separation. The male's stint with the See Weeds had come between them, but he'd chosen to be human because he guessed his partner from the Mists Planet would be drawn to these warm-blooded hosts. And, miracle of miracles, he'd found her here. They all had happy endings. â€Å"You have to consider the intended audience.† â€Å"True. I wish they'd run old human shows again.† He flipped through the channels and frowned. â€Å"Used to be a few of them on.† â€Å"They were too disturbing. They had to be replaced with things that weren't so†¦ violent.† â€Å"The Brady Bunch?† I laughed. I'd seen that show in San Diego, and Melanie knew it from her childhood. â€Å"It condoned aggression. I remember one where a little male child punched a bully, and that was portrayed as being the right thing to do. There was blood.† Ian shook his head in disbelief but returned to the show with the former See Weed. He laughed at the wrong parts, the parts that were supposed to be touching. I stared out the window, watching something much more interesting than the predictable story on television. Across the two-lane road from the inn was a small park, bordered on one side by a school and on the other by a field where cows grazed. There were a few young trees, and an old-fashioned playground with a sandbox, a slide, a set of monkey bars, and one of those hand-pulled merry-go-rounds. Of course there was a swing set, too, and that was the only equipment being used currently. A little family was taking advantage of the cooler evening air. The father had some silver in his dark hair at the temples; the mother looked many years his junior. Her red brown hair was pulled back in a long ponytail that bobbed when she moved. They had a little boy, no more than a year old. The father pushed the child in the swing from behind, while the mother stood in front, leaning in to kiss his forehead when he swung her way, making him giggle so hard that his chubby little face was bright red. This had her laughing, too-I could see her body shake with it, her hair dancing. â€Å"What are you staring at, Wanda?† Jared's question wasn't anxious, because I was smiling softly at the surprising scene. â€Å"Something I've never seen in all my lives. I'm staring at†¦ hope.† Jared came to stand behind me, peeking out over my shoulder. â€Å"What do you mean?† His eyes swept across the buildings and the road, not pausing on the playing family. I caught his chin and pointed his face in the right direction. He didn't so much as flinch at my unexpected touch, and that gave me a strange jolt of warmth in the pit of my stomach. â€Å"Look,† I said. â€Å"What am I looking at?† â€Å"The only hope for survival I've ever seen for a host species.† â€Å"Where?† he demanded, bewildered. I was aware of Ian close behind us now, listening silently. â€Å"See?† I pointed at the laughing mother. â€Å"See how she loves her human child?† At that moment, the woman snatched her son from the swing and squeezed him in a tight embrace, covering his face with kisses. He cooed and flailed-just a baby. Not the miniature adult he would have been if he carried one of my kind. Jared gasped. â€Å"The baby is human? How? Why? For how long?† I shrugged. â€Å"I've never seen this before-I don't know. She has not given him up for a host. I can't imagine that she would be†¦ forced. Motherhood is all but worshipped among my kind. If she is unwilling†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I shook my head. â€Å"I have no idea how that will be handled. This doesn't happen elsewhere. The emotions of these bodies are so much stronger than logic.† I glanced up at Jared and Ian. They were both staring openmouthed at the interspecies family in the park. â€Å"No,† I murmured to myself. â€Å"No one would force the parents if they wanted the child. And just look at them.† The father had his arms around both the mother and the child now. He looked down at his host body's biological son with staggering tenderness in his eyes. â€Å"Aside from ourselves, this is the first planet we've discovered with live births. Yours certainly isn't the easiest or most prolific system. I wonder if that's the difference†¦ or if it's the helplessness of your young. Everywhere else, reproduction is through some form of eggs or seeds. Many parents never even meet their young. I wonder†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I trailed off, my thoughts full of speculation. The mother lifted her face to her partner, and he kissed her lips. The human child crowed with delight. â€Å"Hmm. Perhaps, someday, some of my kind and some of yours will live in peace. Wouldn't that be†¦ strange?† Neither man could tear his eyes from the miracle in front of them. The family was leaving. The mother dusted the sand off her jeans while the father took the boy. Then, holding hands that they swung between them, the souls strolled toward the apartments with their human child. Ian swallowed loudly. We didn't speak for the rest of the evening, all of us made thoughtful by what we'd seen. We went to sleep early, so we could rise early and get back to work. I slept alone, in the bed farthest from the door. This made me uncomfortable. The two big men did not fit easily on the other bed; Ian tended to sprawl when he was deeply asleep, and Jared was not above throwing punches when that happened. Both of them would be more comfortable if I shared. I slept in a small ball now; maybe it was the too-open spaces I moved in all day that had me constricting in on myself at night, or maybe I was just so used to curling up to sleep in the tiny space behind the passenger seat on the van's floor that I'd forgotten how to sleep straight. But I knew why no one asked me to share. The first night the men had unhappily realized the necessity of a hotel shower for me, I'd heard Ian and Jared talking about me over the whir of the bathroom fan. â€Å"†¦ not fair to ask her to choose,† Ian was saying. He kept his voice low, but the fan was not loud enough to drown it out. The hotel room was very small. â€Å"Why not? It's fairer to tell her where she's going to sleep? Don't you think it's more polite -â€Å" â€Å"For someone else. But Wanda will agonize over this. She'll be trying so hard to please us both, she'll make herself miserable.† â€Å"Jealous again?† â€Å"Not this time. I just know how she thinks.† There was a silence. Ian was right. He did know how I thought. He'd probably already foreseen that given the slightest hint that Jared would prefer it, I would choose to sleep beside Jared, and then keep myself awake worrying that I'd made Jared unhappy by being there and that I'd hurt Ian's feelings in the bargain. â€Å"Fine,† Jared snapped. â€Å"But if you try cuddling up to me tonight†¦ so help me, O'Shea.† Ian chuckled. â€Å"Not to sound overly arrogant, but to be perfectly honest, Jared, were I so inclined, I think I could do better.† Despite feeling a little guilty about wasting so much needed space, I probably did sleep better alone. We didn't have to go to a hotel again. The days started to pass more quickly, as if even the seconds were trying to run home. I could feel a strange western pull on my body. We were all eager to get back to our dark, crowded haven. Even Jared got careless. It was late, no sunlight left lingering behind the western mountains. Behind us, Ian and Kyle were taking turns driving the big moving truck loaded with our spoils, just as Jared and I took turns with the van. They had to drive the heavy vehicle more carefully than Jared did the van. The headlights had faded slowly into the distance, until they disappeared around a wide curve in the road. We were on the homestretch. Tucson was behind us. In a few short hours, I would see Jamie. We would unload the welcome provisions, surrounded by smiling faces. A real homecoming. My first, I realized. For once the return would bring nothing but joy. We carried no doomed hostages this time. I wasn't paying attention to anything but anticipation. The road didn't seem to be flying by too fast; it couldn't fly past fast enough as far as I was concerned. The truck's headlights reappeared behind us. â€Å"Kyle must be driving,† I murmured. â€Å"They're catching up.† And then the red and blue lights suddenly spun out in the dark night behind us. They reflected off all the mirrors, dancing spots of color across the roof, the seats, our frozen faces, and the dashboard, where the needle on the speed gauge showed that we were traveling twenty miles over the speed limit. The sound of a siren pierced the desert calm.

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania Case, Arguments, Impact

In McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971), the Supreme Court consolidated multiple juvenile justice cases to address the right to a trial by jury in juvenile court. The majority opinion held that juveniles do not have the right to a trial by jury under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments. Fast Facts: McKeiver v. Pennsylvania Case Argued: December 9—10, 1970Decision Issued:  June 21, 1971Petitioner: Joseph McKeiver, et alRespondent:   State of PennsylvaniaKey Questions: Does the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial apply to juveniles?Majority Decision: Justices Burger, Harlan, Stewart, White, and BlackmunDissenting: Justices Black, Douglas, Brennan, and MarshallRuling: The court noted that since juvenile prosecution is not considered either civil or criminal, the whole of the Sixth Amendment does not necessarily apply. As such, there is no requirement for a jury trial in juvenile cases. Facts of the Case In 1968, 16-year-old Joseph McKeiver was charged with robbery, larceny, and receiving stolen goods. A year later in 1969, 15-year-old Edward Terry faced charges of assault and battery on a police officer and conspiracy. In each case, their attorneys requested jury trials and were denied. Judges in both cases found the boys to be delinquent. McKeiver was put on probation and Terry was committed to a youth development center. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania consolidated the cases into one and heard appeals on the basis of a Sixth Amendment violation. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania found that the right to a trial by jury should not be extended to juveniles. In North Carolina, a group of 40 juveniles aged 11 to 15 faced charges related to school protests. The juveniles were divided into groups. One attorney represented them all. In 38 of the cases, the attorney requested a jury trial and the judge denied it. The cases made their way to the Court of Appeals and Supreme Court of North Carolina. Both courts found that juveniles did not have a Sixth Amendment right to a trial by jury. Constitutional Issues Do juveniles have a constitutional right to a trial by jury under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments in delinquency proceedings? The Arguments Attorneys on behalf of the juveniles argued that judges had violated their right to due process when rejecting requests for a jury trial. Juveniles facing serious criminal charges should be given the same legal protections as adults. Specifically, they should be entitled to a trial by a fair and impartial jury under the Sixth Amendment. Attorneys on behalf of the states argued that juveniles are not guaranteed the right to a trial by jury under the Sixth Amendment. A bench trial where a judge hears the evidence and determines the fate of the accused better enables the state to do what is best for the juvenile. Majority Opinion In a 6-3 plurality decision, the majority found that juveniles did not have a constitutional right to a trial by jury. The majority opinion in McKeiver v. Pennsylvania was delivered by Justice Harry A. Blackmun, but Justices Byron White, William J. Brennan Jr., and John Marshall Harlan filed their own concurring opinions, expanding on different aspects of the case. Justice Blackmun chose not to continue a trend of increasing constitutional protections for juveniles, ending a court-imposed reformation of juvenile justice. His opinion attempted to preserve the flexibility and individuality of juvenile delinquency proceedings. Blackmun was specifically concerned that allowing trials by jury would turn juvenile court proceedings into a fully adversarial process. Limiting juvenile proceedings to a jury trial might prevent judges from experimenting with juvenile justice. Justice Blackmun also wrote that the problems with juvenile justice would not be solved by juries. Finally, he reasoned that allowing juvenile courts to function the exact same way that adult courts function would defeat the purpose of maintaining separate courts. Dissenting Opinions Justices William O. Douglas, Hugo Black, and Harlan dissented. Justice Brennan dissented in part. No adult would face possible imprisonment for up to 10 years and be denied a jury trial, Justice Douglas reasoned. If children can be treated the same as adults under the law, they should be afforded the same protections. Justice Douglas argued that a jury trial would be less traumatic than a bench trial because it would prevent imprisonment without due process, which would be far more harmful. Justice Douglas wrote: But where a State uses its juvenile court proceedings to prosecute a juvenile for a criminal act and to order confinement until the child reaches 21 years of age, or, where the child, at the threshold of the proceedings, faces that prospect, then he is entitled to the same procedural protection as an adult. Impact McKeiver v. Pennsylvania halted the progressive incorporation of constitutional protections to juveniles. The Court did not stop states from allowing juveniles to be tried by juries. However, it maintained that a trial by jury was not a necessary protection in the juvenile justice system. In doing so, the Court aimed to restore faith in a system that did not always achieve its intended purpose. Sources McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, 403 U.S. 528 (1971)Ketcham, Orman W. â€Å"McKeiver v Pennsylvania the Last Word on Juvenile Court Adjudications.†Ã‚  Cornell Law Review, vol. 57, no. 4, Apr. 1972, pp. 561–570., scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article4003contextclr.